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ANTWERP,  1885. 
GOLD  AND  SILVER  MEDALS. 


DUESSELDOKF.  188O. 
GOVERNMENT   MEDAL. 


FRED.  BREDEL,  C.  E., 

GAS  ENGINEER  AND  CONTRACTOR. 


MAIN  OFFICE- 
MILWAUKEE,  Wis., 
118  Farwell  Ave.    P.  O.  Box  23  £.    Tel.  1506. 


BRANCH  OFFICE- 
NEW  YORK,  N.  Y., 
JULIUS  Buss,  Manager,  22  Beaver  Street. 


>URING  my  thirteen  years'  experience  in  the  manufacture 
of  coal  and  water  gas,  and  heating  furnaces  for  metal- 
lurgical processes,  I  have  become  acquainted  with 
almost  all  systems,  which  enables  me  to  select  the  best  and 
most  suitable  apparatus  and  fireclay  material  for  the  purpose 
and  conditions. 

The  success  of  Mr.  Kloenne's  and  my  apparatus  is  due 
to  the  most  careful  adherence  to  theoretical  calculations  as 
well  as  to  long  practical  experience. 

Having  in  my  employ  a  large  staff  of  engineers  and  fire- 
men, I  am  enabled  to  furnish  competent  men  to  superintend 
the  erection  and  starting  of  any  work  done  by  me. 

I  herewith  present  this  catalogue  to  the  gas  fraternity. 


\  V 


RETORT  HOUSES 


AND 


RETORT  BENCHES. 


RECUPERATIVE  FURNACES,     -  .   "  KLOENNE-BREDEL  SYSTEM." 

Patented  February  21,  1888. 


INCLINED  RETORT  BENCHES,  "  BREDEL  SYSTEM." 

Patented  November  18,  1890,  June  23,  1891. 


M322879 


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Of  all  recuperative  furnaces  for  heating  retorts  there  is  at  the  present  time  no  other  recuperative  furnace 
constructed  that  will  equal  the  Kloenne-Bredel  furnace. 

First,  in  the  small  amount  of  coke  consumed  for  fuel,  which  varies  from  15  to  18  per  cent,  of  coke  made, 
or  from  10  to  12  Ibs.  coke  per  100  Ibs.  coal  for  benches  of  9's;  and  18  to  22  per  cent,  of  coke  made,  or  from 
12  to  14  Ibs.  coke  per  100  Ibs.  coal  carbonized  for  benches  of  6's. 

Second,  in  the  yield  of  gas  per  mouthpiece,  which  is  from  9,500  to  12,000  ft,  per  retort  of  9  ft,  clear. 

Third,  in  the  yield  per  pound  of  coal,  which  is  from  5.00  ioJJO  cu.  ft.  per  Ib.  of  best  gas  coal. 

Fourth,  in  the  life  of  retorts,  which  produce  from  7,000,000  to  10,000,000  ft.  before  replacing  becomes 
necessary. 

A  construction  which  has  lately  become  very  popular,  is  my  recuperative  furnace  with  cliul;<'ring  doors 
in  the  nur  and  tilling  doors  in  front,  whereby  the  expensive  stage  floor  is  done  away  with,  at  the  same  time 
facilitating  the  clinkering  and  filling  of  the  furnaces  and  the  regulation  of  the  primary  and  secondary  air 
supply.  Such  benches  have  been  executed  with  four,  six  and  eight  retorts  at  the  following  gas  works,  which 
are  given  as  references  : 

Fort  Worth  Light  it  Power  Co.,  Fort  Worth,  Texas. 
San  .lose  Light  it  Power  Co.,  San  Jose,  Cal. 
Morristown  (las  Light  Co.,  Morristown,  N.  J. 

When  using  xlm-h  mul  for  fuel  the  consumption  for  benches  of  9's  is  14  IDS-  Pcr  100  Ibs.  coal  carbonized. 

• 

Such  benches  were  erected  by  me  as  early  as  1883  for  the  Railroad  Gas  Works,  Lyons,  France. 

Another  great  advantage  is  the  stability  of  the  construction  of  the  generator  and  recuperator,  which  will 
last  tfii  Ufa  i-x  inn!  mere  iriflmnf  mil/  n/mir  whatever, except  a  relining  of  the  generator,  which  becomes  necessary 
about  every  two  or  three  years,  and  requires  only  a  few  hundred  fire  brick,  which  can  be  done  at  an  outlay 
of  from  $20.00  to  $30.00. 

The  numerous  wond  m-iln-x  obtained  in  this  country,  of  which  the  following  is  a  partial  list,  will  prove 
the  xujK-i-it, ,-iti/  i >f  mi/  /it'iir/H'x: 

Milwaukee  (las  Light  Co.  1st  order  108  retorts. 

Milwaukee  (las  Light  Co.  2d  order  90  retorts. 

Milwaukee  Gas  Light  Co.  3d  order  36  retorts.* 

Newark  (las  Light  Co.  1st  order  54  retorts. 

Newark  Gas  Light  Co.                                                        2d,  3d  and  4th  order  (50  retorts. 

Newark  ( las  Light  Co.  5th  order  32  retorts.* 

Cleveland  Gas  Light  &  Coke  (Jo.  1st  order  72  retorts. 

Cleveland  Gas  Light  it  Coke  Co.  2d  order  72  retorts. 

Galveston  Gas  Co.  1st  order  6  retorts. 

Galveston  Gas  Co.  2d  order  18  retorts. 


8 


The  by-following  is  a  partial  list  of  the  benches  constructed 
system  in  the  United  States  and  Canada  : 


since  1885  bv  me  of  the  Kloerme-Bredel 


Newark  ( las  Light  Co. 

Chicago  Gas  Light  &  Coke  Co. 

Minneapolis- Gas  Light  Co.  - 

Milwaukee  Gas  Light  Co.,  1886 

Milwaukee  Gas  Light  Co.,  1888 

Philadelphia  Gas  Works 

Consumers'  Gas  Co.,  Toronto 

Nassau  Gas  Co.,  Brooklyn  E.  D. 

Brooklyn  Gas  Light  Co. 

Cleveland  Gas  Light  &  Coke  Co.,  1889 

Cleveland  Gas  Light  &  Coke  Co.,  1891 

Dayton  Gas  Light  &  Coke  Co. 

Los  Angeles  Lighting  Co.     - 

St.  Paul  Gas  Light  Co. 

People's  Gas  Light  Co.,  Cleveland 


BENCHES    OF    9's. 


Total 
Fort  Worth  Light  &  Power  Co. 

Newark  Gas  Light  Co. 
Newark  Gas  Light  Co. 
Milwaukee  Gas  Light  Co. 
New  Orleans  Gas  Light  Co. 

Total 

Newark  Gas  Light  Co. 

San  Jose  Light  &  Power  Co. 

San  Francisco  Gas  Light  Co. 

Galveston  Gas  and  Power  Co. 

Fort  Worth  Light  Co. 

Central  Gas  Light  Co.,  New  York. 

Morristown  Gas  Light  Co. 


BENCHES  OF  S's. 
DOUBLE  BENCHES  OF  6's. 


BENCHES  OF  6's. 


Total 


BENCHES  OF  4's. 


Newark  Gas  Light  Co. 
Morristown  Gas  Light  Co. 


Total       - 

Grand  total,  1582  retorts,  having  a  capacity  of  over  20,000,000 
gas  benches. 

N.  B.     The  benches  marked  *  are  for  Water  Gas  Plants. 


6  benches    = 

Q*  U 

8 

12 
10 
22 
12 
14 
10 

8 

8 

6 

4 

10 
10 


54  retorts. 

72 

72 
108 

90 

198       " 
108 


90 
72 
72 
54 
36 
90 
90 


1332  retorts. 


2  benches    =         16  retorts. 


1  bench 

2  " 

3  " 

1       "  = 


12  retorts. 
•>4       «    * 

36       "    * 
12       "    * 


84  ivtmi-. 


8  benches    = 

48  retorts. 

4 

24 

2 

12 

4 

24 

2 

12        " 

1 

6 

2 

12 

138  retorts. 

1  double  bench  8  retorts.  * 

1  bench  4 


12  retorts. 
cu.ft.  of  gas  per  24  hours,  including  water 


4  Benches  of  9  Retorts  each,  "Kloenne-Bredel"  System. 


IN  COURSE  OF  ERECTION  FOR  LOS  ANGELES  LIGHTING  CO. 

1890. 


II 


10  Benches  of  9  Retorts  each,  "  Kloenne-Bredel "  System. 


IN  COURSE  OF  ERECTION  FOR  DAYTON  GAS  LIGHT  AND  COKE  CO. 

1890. 


12  Benches  of  9  Retorts  each,  "Kloenne-Bredel"  System. 


IN  COURSE  OF  ERECTION  FOR  MILWAUKEE  GAS  LIGHT  CO. 

1886. 


12  Benches  of  9  Retorts  each,  "Kloenne-Bredel"  System. 


IN  COURSE  OF  ERECTION  FOR  MILWAUKEE  GAS  LIGHT  CO. 

1886. 


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27 
RESULTS  AND  TESTIMONIALS  OF  BENCHES  OF  9  RETORTS. 


ENGINEER'S  OFFICE,  MILWAUKEE  (),\s  LIGHT  Co.  MILWAUKEE,  Wis.,  Jan.  26th,  1887. 

/•Yed.  Bredel,  C.  E. 

DEAR  SIR:  Upon  your  request  for  a  testimonial  for  publication,  I  am  pleased  to  send  you  the  following, 
as  I  consider  it  deserved,  for  the  way  in  which  your  contract  was  carried  out  with  us. 

I  would  say  to  any  in  the  profession  that  among  all  the  plans  of  benches  presented  to  me  from  which  to 
select,  I  chose  the  "  Kloenne  "  for  several  reasons.  I  consider  it  perfect  in  jn-inrijt/i;  that  at  all  times  it  would 
be  under  adsolute  control,  and  also  that  each  block  in  the  recniwi-ntion  could  he  easily  seen  and  repaired  if  necessary. 

Your  work  upon  our  benches  was  done  as  good  as  it  possibly  could  have  been  by  any  one,  and  such  has 
been  the  opinion  of  the  several  visitors  during  the  progress  of  the  work  and  since  its  completion,  without 
exception. 

\Ve  have  been  running  the  furnaces  since  October  6th,  and  as  yet  have  observed  no  cracked  or  sagged 
retorts.  Every  part  of  the  work  appears  as  perfect  as  when  set. 

Although  the  first  month  was  used  up  in  experimenting  and  learning  how  to  run  the  furnaces,  and  since 
that  time  we  have  experienced  very  cold  weather,  yet  we  are  selling  26  bushels  of  coke  per  net  ton  of  coal 
used  (40  Ibs.  per  bushel.) 

The  consumption  of  coke  in  the  furnaces  does  not  exceed  20  per  cent,  at  the  present  season,  and  for  the 
vear  I  am  sure  will  be  materially  less.  Yours  trulv, 

(Signed)  E.  G.  COWDERY. 

OFFICE  OF  NEWARK  <)AS  LIGHT  Co.  NEWARK,  N.  J.,  Jan.  28th,  1887. 

Mr.  Frederick  Bredel,  Gen.  Agf.  Kl<n-mn-  Regenerating  Furnaces. 

DEAR  SIR:  The  Kloenne  furnaces  erected  by  you  have  been  in  continuous  use  for  more  than  a  year, 
and  continue  to  give  us  satisfactory  results.  We  are  carbonizing  1800  pounds  of  coal  per  retort  in  24  hours, 
and  the  average  fuel  consumption  for  this  much  has  been  16.8  per  cent.,  or  100  pounds  of  coal  have  been 
cai -lionized  by  11.2,1  pounds  of  hot  coke.  We  have  not  lost  a  retort  yet,  and  I  think  that  those  in  use  will 
give  us  six  months  more  service.  Very  truly, 

(Signed)  EUUKNK  VANDERPOOL. 


OFFICE  OF  Los  ANGELES  LIGHTING  Co.  Los  ANGEI.KS,  CAL.,  May  5th,  1891. 

Mi-.  Fi-ed.  Bredel,  Milirnnkce,  H7x. 

DEAR  SIR:     I  take  pleasure  in  stating  that  the  four  benches  of  nine's,  full  depth  recuperation  furnaces, 
erected  by  you  at  our  works,  were  completed  to  our  entirr  xiitisfaetimi. 

The  materials  furnished  and  the  workmanship  were  iirxt  class  in  en-r;/  rex] wet. 

\Ve  are  now  using  one  bench,  carbonizing  18,000  Ibs.  of  coal  per  twenty-four  hours.     Our  heats  are 
excellent,  and  we  use  as  fuel  about  eighteen  per  cent,  of  the  coke  made. 

Wishing  you  the  success  that  vou  deserve,  I  remain,  Very  truly, 

(Signed)  \V.  B.  CLINE,  President. 

Test  of  KLOENXE-BUEDEL   No.  1,  nine  retorts,  made  at  the  gas  works  of  the  Los  Angeles  Lighting  Co. 
Erected  by  Fred.  Bredel, C.  E.     Five  days'  continuous  test.    Date  Feb.  15,  (12  noon)  to  Feb.  20  (12  noon)  1891. 

Total  coal  charged,  89,463  Ibs. 

Total  coke  made,  58,956  Ibs. 

Total  coke  left  for  sale,  48,619  Ibs. 

Total  coke  used  for  fuel,     -  10,337  Ibs. 

Coke  used  for  fuel  per   -  100  Ibs.  coal  carbonized  11.56.  Ibs. 

Percentage  of  coke  used  for  fuel,  -       18.87  per  cent,  of  total  coke  made. 

Charges  per  retort  per  24  hours,  1,988  Ibs.  Wallsend  (Austr.)  coal.    One  hundred  Ibs.  coal  made  65.9  Ibs. 
coke  and  left  for  sale  54 .34-  lus-  COKe  weighed  hot. 

The  above  is  a  correct  statement  of  the  results  obtained  during  a  five  days'  test  of  Bench  No.  1. 

Los  Angeles,  Cal.,  Feb.  24,  18JM.  \V.   B.  CLINE,  President. 


28 


OFFICE  OF  CHICAGO  GAS  LKIIIT  &  COKE  Co. 
l'>ml<l.  Esq. 


CHICAGO,  Jan.  27th,  18X7. 


DEAK  SIR:  We  have  had  eight  benches  of  nine's,  with  Kloenne  furnaces,  running  continuously  for  thir- 
teen months.  The  results  have  averaged  9,000  cu.  ft.  [)er  mouthpiece  in  twenty-four  hours,  with  a  fuel  con- 
sumption of  IS  pounds  coke  per  100  pounds  coal  carbonized. 

Yours  truly,  (Signed)  THEOBALD  FORST  ALL,  v.  p. 


OFFICE  OF  ST.  PAUL  GAS  LIGHT  Co.  ST.  PAUL,  MINN.,  Jan.  '2~>,  1892. 

Fred.  Bredel,  Esq.,  Milwaukee,  Win. 

DEAR  SIR  :  Answering  your  inquiry  of  yesterday  in  regard  to  the  ten  "  Kloenne  "  benches,  recently  put 
in  our  works,  *  *  *  I  take  pleasure  in  stating  that  they  are  giving  perfect  satisfaction  in  every  way. 
We  have  had  them  in  service  for  some  sixty  days,  and  thus  far  they  have  exceeded  the  guaranteed  results  by 
25  per  cent.  They  have.averaged  fully  eleven  thousand  cu.  ft.  to  the  mouthpiece,  and  fifty-eight  Ibs.  per  100 
Ibs.  coal  carbonized  in  coke,  over  and  above  the  hot  coke  used  in  the  furnaces. 

Such  results  ought  to  merit  the  highest  commendation  for  the  "  Kloenne  "  benches. 

Yours  respectfully,  (Signed)  B.  F.  ELLISON,  Gen'l  Supt. 

ST.  PAUL  GAS  WORKS,  St.  Paul,  Minn. — Results  of  test  of  Bredel  Benches  from  3  p.  M.  Dec.  9th  to  3  p.  M. 
Dec.  12th,  1891  (72  hours.) 

Total  gas  made, 

Total  coal  carbonized,    - 

Total  coke  made, 

Yield  of  gas  per  Ib.  coal, 

Yield  of  gas  per  retort  per  day, 


1,110,300  cu.  ft. 

212,400  Ibs. 

143,724  Ibs. 

5.22  cu.  ft. 
-     10.280  cu.  ft. 


Besides  the  above  quantity,  5,691  Ibs.  of  Breeze 


Coke  sold,  77,7 10  Ibs. 

Coke  used  in  generator  of  watergaswk's,  43,079  Ibs. 
Total  quantity  coke  left  for  sale,  120,789  Ibs. 

Ain't  coke  used  for  fuel  of  total  coke  made,  15.95  per  cent 
Coke  used  per  100  Ibs.  coal  carbonized,  -     10.8  Ibs. 
were  left  for  sale  and  used  under  the  boilers. 


OFFICE  OF  DAYTON  GAS  LIGHT  &  COKE  Co.  DAYTON,  ().,  Nov.  22d,  1892. 

Fred.  Bredel,  Esq.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

DEAR  SIR  :  The  six  benches  of  nine  retorts  each,  with  full  depth  recuperative  furnaces,  built  by  you 
for  this  Company  have  proven  very  satisfactory,  fulfilling  all  the  guarantees  you  made  with  us,  such  as  per- 
cent, of  coke  used  for  fuel,  yield  per  mouthpiece  and  otherwise. 

The  retorts  are  now  working  on  their  third  year,  and  seemingly  in  good  condition,  and  will  see  us 
through  until  next  season.  As  we  are  not  ready  yet  to  say  what  new  work  we  will  want  the  coining  year,  I 
will  write  you  later.  Yours  truly,  (Signed)  JOSEPH  LIGHT,  Supt. 


Statement  of  results  obtained  with  Kloenne-Bredel  benches  of  nine  retorts,  at  Works  No.  2  of  the  CLEVE- 
I.AND  GAS  LIGHT  &  COKE  Co.,  Cleveland,  0.,  during  51  days,  from  April  llth,  1892,  to  May  31st,  1892.  No. 
of  benches  under  fire — 4  for  20  days  and  5  for  31  days. 

Total  coal  carbonized,  4,233,410  Ibs. 

Total  gas  made,  21,501,865  cu.  ft. 

Average  yield  per  retort  per  24  hours,     -  10,168  cu.  it. 

Average  yield  per  Ib.  coal  carbonized,  5.08  cu.  It. 

Statement  of  results  of  the  CLEVELAND  GAS  LIGHT  it  ('OKI-:  Co.,  during  3  days,  from  April  5th,  1892,  to- 
April  8th,  1892,  at  Works  No.  2  :  CHAS.  CHRISTIE,  Supt. 

Coal  Oil  Gas  Yield  per  Yield  Candle 

carbonized.  used.  made.  mouthpieces.  per  Ib.  power. 


Date. 


5 

6 
7 


Total, 


74,640 
74,000 
74,000 
74,000 


141 
133 
117 

157 


made. 

404,000 
402,000 
401,000 
406,000 


11,666 
11,138 


-      296,640  54S  1,613,000 

Amount  of  oil  used  per  100  Ibs.  coal  carbonized, 
Amount  of  oil  used  per  1000  cu.  ft.  gas  made, 


541 
546 
541 
548 


0.185  gal. 
<>..i.'f.O  gal. 


18.89 
18.51 
18.66 
18.79 


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4  Benches  of  6  and  8  Retorts,  "  Kloenne-Bredel "  System. 

No  Stage  Floor.    Showing  Construction  Clinkering  Door  at  Rear. 


IN  COURSE  OF  ERECTION  FOR  FT.  WORTH  LIGHT  AND  POWER  CO. 

1890. 


33 


Bench  of  6  double- 12  Retorts,  "  Kloenne-Bredel"  System. 


IN  COURSE  OF  ERECTION  FOR  NEWARK,  N.  J.  GAS  LIGHT  CO. 

1888. 


35 


RESULTS  AND  TESTIMONIALS  OF  BENCHES  OF  6's,  "WITH  STAGE  FLOOR.' 


OFKICK  <>K  GAL.VESTON  GAS  Co.  GAI.VKSTUX,  TEX.,  July  15th,  1892. 

Mr.  Fred.  Br«l<l,  Mi  lien  nice.   II7.s. 

DKAR  SIR:  I  take  pleasure  in  stating  that  the  four  benches  of  sixes  which  you  have  erected  for  the 
Galveston  Gas  Co.  late  last  year  are  giving  us  perfect  satisfaction  thus  far,  and  I  have  no  reason  now  to  believe 
hut  that  they  will  continue  to  do  so  to  the  end. 

The  heats  can  he  controlled  and  regulated  with  perfect  ease  in  these  benches,  to  any  desired  amount  of 
coal  to  be  carbonized  within  the  capacity  of  the  retorts. 

We  are  making  four-hour  charges  burning  400  Ibs.  per  retort,  and  have  no  difficulty  in  making  11,000 
feet  of  gas  per  retort.  We  have  carbonized  as  high  as  4.50  Ibs.  in  four  hours. 

I  believe  your  system  of  heating  benches  approaches  nearer  in  practice  the  perfect  theoretical  idea  of 
regenerating  and  recuperative  furnaces.  Your  Hydraulic  Main  has  given  us  more  comfort  in  making  gas  with 
high  heats  than  any  1  liavr  ercr  used. 

The  new  srrul>l>er  of  one-half  million  capacity,  which  you  also  furnished  this  Company,  is  doing  all  you 
recommended  for  it.  It  has  been  working  without  a  hitch  or  trouble  of  any  kind  from  the  day  we  started  it 
until  now. 

The  provisions  for  observing  and  getting  at  all  parts  seem  to  be  perfect.     I  am  pleased  with  the  working 

of  it  in  every  respect.  Respectively  yours, 

JOHN  GIMPER,  Supt. 


RESULTS  AND  TESTIMONIALS  OF  BENCHES  OF  9's,  "FIRING  SLACK  COAL.' 


( 'oal  and  ( 'oke. 

Vv.e  Limousin  »t  Descours.  LYONS,  FRANCE,  Dec.  26th,  1886. 

GAS  WOIIKS  DEPARTMENT. 
/,-.  Fred.  Jiredel,  C.  E.,  New  York. 

I)I:AK  SLR  :     In  answer  to  your  favor  of  the  IMth  we  will  say  that  the  Kloeune  bench  satisfies  us  above 
ill  <:i-j>irtiit!i>iix.     The  amount  of  fuel  used  is  l.'f  Ibs.  of  fine  coal  per  100   Ibs.  coal  carbonized.     We  have   not 
changed  the  bench  in  any  respect,  and  we  cannot  see  how  it  could  be  improved  upon. 
The  results  obtained  are  '/////v/i/  xn/ixl'tn-tori/. 
Receive,  dear  sir,  the  best  wishes  from  Yours  truly, 


36 

RESULTS  AND  TESTIMONIALS  OF  BENCHES  OF  4,  6  AND  8  RETORTS 

WITHOUT  STAGE  FLOOR. 


OFFICE  OF  FORT  WORTH  LIGHT  &  POWER  Co.  Four  WOKTJI,  TKX.,  April  12th,  1891. 

Fred.  Bredel,  Esq.,  New  York  City. 

DEAR  SIR:  The  bench  of  8's  of  the  Kloenne-Bredel  full  depth  recuperative  type  as  erected  by  you  at 
the  new  station  of  our  Company  at  Fort  Worth  is  proving  eminently  satisfactory. 

Inclosed  you  will  find  three  days'  test  of  date  Dec.  28th,  29th  and  30th,  from  TC.MIS  coal  that  had  been 
exposed  to  outside  influences  and  was  somewhat  damp.  Our  average  yield  was  4.58;  consumption  of  coke. 
21  per  cent. 

I  again  refer  you  to  test  of  thirty  days,  commencing  March  loth,  showing  an  average  yield  of  4.71.  The 
consumption  of  coke  in  this  style  of  bench  is  uniform  throughout,  and  does  not  vary,  as  is  the  case  with  some 
benches  of  recuperative  type.  The  above  tests  were  taken  from  actual  working  results,  and  not  from  picked 
coal.  The  character  of  work  in  the  four  benches  is,  in  my  opinion,  find-class  from  tin  tn/i  nj' foundation  to  the 
outlet  of  Hydraulic  Main.  Very  respectfully, 

Signed)  JOS.  C,  LORD,  Supt. 


OFFICE  OF  FORT  WORTH  LIGHT  &  POWER  Co.  FORT  WORTH,  TEX.,  April  12th,  1891. 

Fred.  Bredel,  Esq.,  New  York  City. 

DEAR  SIR  :  I  enclose  you  copy  of  one  day's  run  carbonizing  2,100  Ibs.  to  the  mouthpiece,  amount 
of  gas  per  hour,  and  also  showing  the  exact  time  at  which  the  furnace  was  filled  with  coke.  Also  make  per 
mouthpiece  and  per  cent,  of  coke  used.  If  you  deem  it  proper  to  publish  same  you  can  do  so. 

The  inclosed  results  of  one  day's  working  shows  that  it  is  possible  to  increase  the  amount  of  coal 
carbonized  300  Ibs.  per  retort.  At  the  same  time  the  consumption  of  coke  in  furnace  is  reduced  a  half  of  one 
per  cent.  With  kind  regards,  I  am,  Yours  truly, 

J.  C.  LORD,  Supt. 

RESULTS  WITH  TEXAS  COAL. 

Make  per  mouthpiece  per  day,  9,337  cu.  ft. 

Per  cent,  of  coke  used  for  fuel,    -  20.5  per  cent. 

Coal  charged  per  retort  per  24  hours,  2,100  l/>x. 


EXTRACT  OF  LETTER. 


OFFICE  OF  FORT  WORTH  LIGHT  &  POWER  Co.  FORT  WORTH,  TEX.,  March  31st,  1892. 

Mr.  Julius  Buss,  Representative  of  Mr.  Bredel,  New  York  City. 

DEAR  SIR:     Our  benches  are  working  splendidly  and  are  i/iriny  Jird  do.™  rrxii/lx.     When  I  get  on  my 
feat  again  I  will  give  you  a  synopsis  of  the  working  of  the  same. 

Yours  truly,  (Sio-ned)  .1.   C.    LOUD,  Supt. 


37 


SAX  JOSE,  CAL.,  Dec.  5th,  1891. 

Test  of  Kloenne-Bredel  Bench  No.  1  of  six  retorts,  made  at  the  gas  works  of  -the  SAN  JOSE  LIGHT  &  POWER 
Co.,  erected  by  Fred.  Bredel,  C.  E.  Four  days'  continuous  test,  date  Dec.  1st  to  Dec.  5th,  1891. 

Total  coal  charged,  44,575  ll>s. 

Total  coke  made,  29,248  11  is. 

Total  coke  left  for  sale,  23,730  Ibs. 

Total  coke  used  for  fuel,  5,518  Ibs. 

Coke  used  for  fuel  per  100  Ibs.  coal  carbonized,  12.38  Ibs. 

Percentage  of  coke  used  for  fuel,  18.87  per  cent,  of  total  coke  made. 

(.'barges  per  retort  per  24  hours,  1,857  Ibs.  Walsend  (Austr.)  coal — no  cannel.  One  hundred  (100)  Ibs. 
«oal  made  65. (5  Ibs.  coke  weighed  hot  and  leaves  for  sale  53.2  Ibs.  coke  (hot.) 

The  above  recapitulation  of  test  for  four  consecutive  days  in  the  works  of  the  San  Jose  Light  &  Power 
€o.  is  correct  and  within  the  guarantee  of  Fred.  Bredel,  C.  E. 

The  heats  and  working  of  the  bench  is  satisfactory,  and  the  construction  of  the  brick  and  iron  work  are 
as  contracted  for.  (Signed)  PETER.  E.  DE  MILL,  JK.,  Supt. 


OFFICE  OF  MORRISTOWN  GAS  LIGHT  Co.  MORRISTOWN,  N.  J.,  Nov.  26th,  1892. 

Fred.  Bredel,  £*/.,  New  York  L'iti/. 

DEAR  SIR  :  It  gives  me  much  pleasure  to  inform  you  that  I  am  exceedingly  well  satisfied  with  your 
benches  erected  at  the  new  works  of  this  Company  in  October,  1891.  The  heat  in  the  retorts  is  a  very  good 

and  uniform  one.  and  is  absolutely  independent  of  the  ability  of  the  workingmen. 

This  summer  I  have  made  as  much  as  44-flOO  cu.  ft.  in  a  bench  of  ^'s  in  24  hours,  but  owing  to  our  con- 
sumption I  had  to  miss  charges  on  certain  days.  Nevertheless,  I  am  satisfied  I  could  make  42,000  cu.  ft.  per 
day  straight  along  with  this  bench.  The  consumption  of  coke  is  between  24-  and  25  per  cent,  of  coke  produced 

Tli<'  iiiuiii  jiiiture  in  the  construction  of  your  benches,  as  erected  here,  lies  in  tlie  arrangement  of  clinkering  the 
fire,  which  is  done  in  the  rear  of  benches,  and  which  I  must  confess  I  like  very  much.  The  man  doing  the  clink- 
ering work  in  an  open  cellar,  no  stage  floor  whatever  being  above  him.  Also,  the  cost  for  an  iron  stage  floor  in 
front  of  the  benches  is  saved  by  this  arrangement,  only  a  common  floor  being  required,  same  as  with  the 
ordinary  old-style  benches.  In  conclusion  I  will  say  you  may  use  this  letter  for  any  purpose  you  may  desire. 

Yours  respectfully.  (Signed)  GEO.  H.  BROWN. 


MECHANICAL  COAL  AND  COKE  HANDLING 
AND  COKE  SEPERATORS. 


Special  pamphlets  for  the  mechanical  handling  and  screening  of  coal  and  coke  will  be 

furnished  on  application. 


39 


INCLINED   RETORT  BENCHES.— SYSTEM   BREDEL. 

I'LAN    XO.    1. 


Pat.  Nov.  18th,  189O. 


Pat  June  23d,  1891. 


The  above  plan  No.  1  illustrates  my  improved  arrangement  of  inclined  retort  benches.  The  charging 
machine  in  the  rear  is  so  arranged  that  (in;/  t/mde  of  coal  can  be  charged  rmihj,  and  a  i/rnit/,-  incline  can  be 
given  to  the  retorts  than  if  stationary  charging  mouthpieces  are  used.  Inclined  retort  benches  on  this  prin- 
ciple are  now  in  xiirn .«/'///  operation  in  Europe  and  have  nearly  superseded  the  stationary  charging  mouthpieces. 

These  kind  of  benches  can  be  all  run  by  machinery,  and  for  a  production  of  1,000,000  feet  or  over,  the 
cost  of  labor  is  about  -1  tn  •'>  as  com  pa  red  with  horizontal  retorts  using  drawing  machines.  The  increase  in 
jirxl  co.sV  /x  mill/  s/it/litly  in  exci-ss  <>f  hoi-i-jmtul  ,-i't»i't»  of  the  SAXIIO  CAI-ACITY.  The  capacity  of  the  retorts  being 
from  14,000  to  15,000  ft.  per  24  hours. 

If  an  entirely  new  retort  house  is  to  lie  built,  the  inclined  retorts  can  be  built  for  the  game  /iricr  per 
toon  ft.  ciijutcifi/  as  the  horixontal  retorts  using  drawing  machines. 


40 


RETORT   MOUTHPIECES  AND  IRON  WORK  FOR  BENCH  SETTINGS. 

I'LAX    NO.    '2. 


Plan  No.  2  shows  my  retort  mouthpieces  which  have  been  successfully  employed  on  more  than  20,000 
retorts  in  the  United  States  and  Canada,  the  same  are  self-sealing  and  keep  absolutely  tight.  There  arc  nn 
screws  employed  for  tightening  the  lids,  which  by  rough  handling  are  liable  to  bend  and  r/w/-  t/ir  lids.  All 
movements  are  eccentric  movements  and  adjustable  to  take  up  the  wear  <'//</  /"//•.  My  bridgepipes,  clinkering 
and  filling  doors  are  constructed  on  the  same  principle,  and  guaranteed  to  keep  absolutely  tight. 

When  using  my  hydraulic  condenser  main  no  stoppages  by  />itcli  or  ////'<•/•  /<//•  in  the  main  can  occur.  From 
80  to  90  per  cent,  of  all  tar  made  is  deposited  in  the  hydraulic. 

The  gas  is  at  all  times  sealed  by  ammonical  liquor  and  never  /></  tar. 


EXTRACT  OF  LETTER  FROM  MR.  GIMPER. 

"GAIA-KSTOX,  TEXAS,  July  15th,  1892. 

"YouK  HYDRACLK  CONDENSER  MAIN  HAS  GIVKX  rs  MOKK  COM  KURT  ix  MAKING  GAS  WITH  IIK.II  HEATS  TIIAX 
ANY  I  HAVE  EVER  USED.  Respectfully  yours, 

"(Signed)  JOHN  GIMPKK.  Supt." 


RETORT  HOUSES. 


Plans  Nos.  3  and   4  represent  a  retort  house  adapted    for  benches  with  clinkering  doors  in  the  rear 

WITHOUT    STAGE    FLOOR. 

Plan  No.  3  is  for  small  gas  works,  and  Plan  No.  4  shows  the  arrangement  for  benches  of  8  retorts,  and 
the  right  hand  side  for  benches  of  9  retorts  with  mechanical  coke  conveyer.  Charging  and  drawing  machines 
can  be  employed.  No  stage  floor  is  required,  thereby  making  this  arrangement  cheaper  than  any  other.  In 
fact  it  is  as  cheap  as  ordinary  benches  provided  with  the  same  quamity  of  iron  work  on  a  basis  of  1000  feet 
capacity. 

Plan  Xo.  5  shows  a  retort  house  of  2,000,000  feet  capacity  arranged  for  charging  and  drawing  machines. 

Plan  No.  6  shows  a  retort  house  of  1,000,000  feet  capacity  arranged  for  drawing  machine  and  turn  tables. 


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46 


CONDENSING  AND  PURIFYING 

MACHINES. 


SYSTEM      BREIDEIL 


Condensers,  Washers  and  Scrubbers. 


AMMONIA  PLANTS. 


47 

The  yield  of  gas  with  my  benches  and  my  purifying  machine  is  from  5.00  to  5.20  ft.  from  18  to  20  candle 
power,  according  to  quality  of  coal  employed,  no  enricher  being  used.  The  average  result  is  about  05  CANDJ.K 
FEET  from  best  Pennsylvania  gas  coal  without  the  use  of  any  enricher. 

These  results  are  partly  due  to  the  benches,  but  the  greater  part  is  due  to  the  new  methods  of  handling 
the  gas  between  the  hydraulic  main  and  the  oxide  purifiers.  The  gas  is  washed  in  ammoniacal  liquor,  and 
all  the  tar  is  extracted  while  yet  hot.  The  air  condenser  is  of  a  large  size  so  as  to  decrease  the  speed  of  the 
gas  greatly,  and  thereby  depositing  the  coke  dust  and  pitch  impurities  which  are  mechanically  carried  along 
with  the  gas.  The  tar  contained  in  the  gas  is  then  perfectly  eliminated  by  washing;  at  the  same  time  from 
tin  to  80  per  cent,  of  all  the  C02  originally  contained  in  the  gas  is  removed  by  forming  carbonates  of  ammonia 
and  as  much  sulphurated  hydrogen  and  carbon  by-sulphates  as  there  is  an  chemical  equivalent  of  ammonia. 
(The  resulting  ammoniacal  liquor  after  having  passed  through  the  washer  contains  no  caustic  or  free  ammonia.} 
The  gas  is  then  cooled  in  a  multitubular  water  cooler,  or  compensator,  and  the  ammonia  is  removed  by  a 
washer  or  washer  scrubber,  whichever  might  be  preferable  or  on  hand.  The  process  was  patented  to  me  on 
letters  patent  Xo.  4(57,605.  .Most  of  the  apparatus  employed  are  protected  by  letters  patent  of  August  17th, 
1880,  March  27th,  1888,  and  August  28th,  1881. 

The  great  advantage  of  this  process  is  that  the  gas  can  never  come  in  contact  with  tar  wetted  surfaces  during  the 
/ii-nci'Xfi  of  cooling,  thereby  preventing  (lie  absorption  of  tlie  benzol  vapors  which  act  as  carriers  for  the  napthaline 
vapors,  thereby  giving  the  gas  a  chance  to  retain  all  its  illuminants  and  yet  have  enough  hydro-carbons  of 
the  lower  series  to  pr/ri ,,/  xnn>L-iii<i  •irlicn  burned  in  a  60-candle  power  Bray  burner,  which  is  a  test  a  19-candle 
] io\\er  coal  yax  I'm-ir/u-d  irilli  cinnicl  coal  or  naptha  will  not  stand  without  smoking.  A  gas  purifying  machine 
of  this  principle  has  been  in  continuous  work  for  over  two  years  at  the  Cleveland  Gas  Light  &  Coke  Co.,  with 
tlic  exception  that  there  is  only  one  washer  ahead  of  the  cooler  or  compensator,  instead  of  two.  The  results 
obtained  at  that  point  are  from  90  to  95  candle  feet  per  pound  of  coal  carbonized  without  using  an  enricher.  Since 
the  time  of  first  starting,  the  machine  has  only  been  cleaned  once,  and  no  obstructions  or  stoppages  were  then 
Jon/id,  they  being  in  as  good  and  clean  a  condition  as  when  first  putup.  NAPTHALINE  STOPPAGES  NEVER  OCCURRED 
AND  CANNOT  occru  WJIKX  THE  COMPLETE  SYSTEM  is  USED. 

There  are  now  under  construction  two  more  purifying  machines,  one  of  1,250,000  cu.  ft.  capacity  for  the 
Milwaukee  Gas  Light  Co.,  which  will  be  ready  to  start  about  February  next,  and  a  complete  purifying  machine 
of  the  newest  arrangement  will  be  ready  to  start  about  the  middle  of  January  at  the  Peoples'  Gas  Light  Co- 
in Cleveland,  having  a  total  capacity  of  2,000,000  ft.  per  24  hours. 

Combination  immersion  and  friction  washers  for  the  removing  of  either  tar,  C02,  sulphur  impurities,  or 
ammonia  are  in  use,  or  in  course  of  erection  at  the  following  works,  where  they  have  been  working  to  entire 
satisfaction : 

APPARATUS    OK    2,000,000    FT.  CAPACITY. 

No.  Total  capacity 

Apparatus,         per  24  hours.  I'wdfor 

Albany  Gas  Light  Co.                                1                     2,000,000  water  gas. 

Peoples' Gas  Light  Co.                                1                     2,000,000  tar  extractor — coal  gas. 
Peo] lies'  Gas  Light  Co.                               1                     2,000,000          C02  and  sulphur  impurities — coal  gas. 

Peoples' Gas  Light  Co.                              1                    2,000,000  ammonia,  extractor — coal  gas. 

Central  Gas  Light  Co.,  New  York             1                      2,000,000  ammonia  extractor — coal  gas. 


48 

APPARATUS    OF    1,000,000    FT.  CAPACITY. 

No.  Apparatus.  Total  capacity.  I'xnl  for 

Chicago  Gas  Trust  14  14,000,000                                                          water  gas. 

Albany  1  1,000,000                                                          water  gas. 

Wheeling,  W.  Va.  1  1,000,000    tar,  C02  and  sulphur  impurities — coal  gas. 

Milwaukee  Gas  Light  Co.  1  1,000,000  tar,  CO2  and  sulphur  impurities — coal  gas. 

Milwaukee  Gas  Light  Co.      -  1  1,000,000                        ammonia  extractor — coal  gas. 

Cleveland  Gas  Light  &  Coke  Co.  1  1,000,000   tar,  C02  and  sulphur  impurities — coal  gas. 

Cleveland  Gas  Light  &  Coke  Co.  1  1,000,000                        ammonia  extractor — coal  gas. 

APPARATUS    OF    500,000    FT.  CAPACITY. 

Galveston  Gas  Light  Co.  1  500,000          tar  and  ammonia  extractor — coal  gas. 

APPARATUS    OF    250,000    FT.  CAPACITY. 

Wichita,  Kansas  -     1  250,000  for  all  impurities. 

TOTAL  CAPACITY  OF  24,750,000  cu.  FT.  PER  24  HOURS. 

With  the  use  of  my  purifying  machine  or  washer  the  purification  with  lime  becomes  unnecessary,  as 
there  is  never  more  than  from  0.5  to  0.75  per  cent,  of  C02  in  the  gas.  The  much-used  arrangement  of  four 
purifiers  in  connection  with  this  apparatus  is  unnecessary  and  extravagant,  and  two  purifiers  is  all  that  is 
required  for  water  gas  when  using  naptha,  and  three  purifiers  when  using  crude  oil.  For  coal  gas  three 
purifiers  also  will  be  found  sufficient  at  all  times,  as  this  will  leave  one  purifier  in  reserve. 


OFFICE  OF  CHICAGO  GAS  LIGHT  &  COKE  Co.  CHICAGO,  February  3d,  1888. 

Fred.  Bredel,  Esq.,  New  York  City. 

DEAR  SIR  :  The  Kloenne  Tar  Washer  which  we  have  erected  at  our  works,  for  the  purpose  of 
extracting  the  tar  from  the  water  gas,  has  given  us  satisfaction.  It  has  now  been  in  use  for  two  months,  and 
shows  no  signs  of  clogging,  or  increase  of  pressure.  Yours  truly, 

(Signed)         THEOB.  FORSTALL,  Pres. 

EXTRACT  OF  LETTER. 

OFFICE  OF  GALVESTON  GAS  Co.  GALVESTON,  TEX.,  July  15th,  1892. 

The  new  Scrubber  of  one-half  million  capacity  which  you  have  also  furnished  this  Company  is 
doing  all  you  recommended  for  it.  It  has  been  working  without  a  hitch  or  (rouble  of  any  kind  from  the  day 
we  started  it  until  now. 

The  provisions  for  observing  and  getting  at  all  parts  seem  to  be  perfect.     I  am  pleased  with  the  working  of  it 
in  every  respect.  Respectfully  yours,  JOHN  GIMPER,  Supt. 


OFFICE  OF  CITY  GAS  WORKS.  WHEELING,  W.  VA.,  Dec.  20th,  1892. 

Fred.  Bredel,  C.  E.,  Milwaukee,  Wis. 

DEAR  SIR:  The  washer  erected  by  you  in  our  City  Gas  Works  has  been  in  continuous  use  xinr<' 
January,  1891,  and  we  are  very  much  pleased  with  its  working.  It  performs  the  work  required  to  our  entire 
satisfaction,  and  we  cheerfully  recommend  it  to  any  one  in  need  of  a  first-class  washer,  as  well  for  the  removing 
of  tar,  carbonic  acid  and  sulphur  as  ammonia,  Respectfully  yours, 

(Signed)         S.   M.  DARRAH,  Supt. 


AMMONIA  PLANTS. 

Plans  and  specifications  for  Sulphate, Aqua,  and  Anhydrous  Ammonia  Plants  will  be  furnished  on 
application,  and  plants  erected  under  fullest  guarantee. 


48 


GAS  CONDENSING  AND  PURIFYING  MACHINE— Capacity,  l, 000,000  cu.  ft. 

"Bredel"  System. 


Ammonia  Extractor. 


Compensator. 


Tar  Extract'  >r. 


ERECTED  FOR  THE  CLEVELAND  GAS  LIGHT  CO. 

1889. 


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53 


GAS  CONDENSER.  COOLER  AND  TAR  SEPARATOR.—  SYSTEM   BREDEL. 

PAT.  AUG.  28-rii,  188S. 

PLAN    F. 


ADVANTAGES. 


<  ireat  cooling  surface. 

Tar  and    ammonia 
liquor   are   removed   as       f 
soon  as  condensed. 

Hottest  water  injcon- 
tact  with  hottest  gas. 

Easily  cleaned. 


(ias     lias      to    pass 
through  all  tulies. 

Downward     move- 
ment of  gas. 

Frequent   changes  of 
direction  of  gas  current. 


RESULTS. 

No  naphthaline. 

Slightly  higher 
candle  power. 

No  pitch. 

Will  eliminate  more 
tar  than  any  other  mul- 
titubular  condenser  of 
same  size. 


54 
GAS  WASHERS. 

TAR,  Co2,  SULPHUR  COMIWXDS  AND  AMMONIA  EXTRACTOR. 

PAT.  MARCH  28TH,  1888. 
PI, AX  NO.  8. 


ADVANTAGES. 

No  moving  parts.  No  wear  and  tear.  No  oiling.  Xo  attendance.  No 

No  separate  engine  to  attend  to.  The  washing  process  is  in  plain  view. 

The  gas  lias  to  pass  a  finely  perforated  plate,  wetted  with  anmmniacal  liquor,  and  then  a  very  tine  foaming 
spray  of  the  same  liquid. 

The  gas  is  broken  up  in  very  tine  bubbles,  thereby  greatly  facilitating  the  absorption  of  Co2,  sulphur 

compounds  and  ammonia. 

The  </as  must  l><  absolutely  free  of  tar  (coa\  gas)  respectively  oils  (water  gas)  o^er^assiw^  one  of  <^eseopparaftw. 

The  washing  can  he  regulated  l>y  adjusting  the  overflow,  theivliy  throwing  more   OF    Less    water  over   Hie 

perforated  plates. 


54 


GAS  WASHER— Capacity  £00,000  cu.  ft. 


ERECTED  FOR  THE  GALVESTON  GAS  CO. 

1891. 


57 


WASHER    SCRUBBER— "CONTINUOUS"    SYSTEM. 
PAT.  AUG.  17m,  1880. 

PLAN    NO.    9. 


ADVANTAGES. 


Xo    MOVING    PARTS. 
Xo    WEAK    AND    TKAR. 

Part  of  scrubbing  material 
can  be  removed  while  appa- 
ratus is  working. 


ADVANTAGES. 


ABSOLUTELY  CLEAN  GAS. 

By  removing  a  few  bushels 
of  gravel  the  apparatus  cleans 
itself. 

This  operation  can  be  per- 
formed while  the  apparatus  is 
in  operation. 


The  above  is  an  illustration  of  a  gas  scrubber  combined  with  one  washer  compartment. 
The  apparatus  is  used  in  coal  gas  works  for  removing  ammonia,  and  gives  only  one  inch  pressure. 
Ammo/lineal  liquor  of  (in;/  strength  <'im  lie  obtained. 
It  is  not  iihxolutely  ntci'^unj  that  the  gas  should  be  free  of  tar. 

For  water  gas  the  apparatus  can  be  used  as  a  combined  cooler,  tar  and  light  oil  extractor,  and  to  wash 
Hit  the  greater  part  of  CO2. 


53 

PLANS  AND  DESCRIPTION  OF  DIFFERENT  GAS  CONDENSING  AND  PURIFYING 

MACHINES.— SYSTEM  BREDEL. 

Plan  No.  10  represents  my  purifying  machine  with  a  capacity  of  500,000  ft. 

Plan  Xo.  11  represents  the  same  with  exhausters  combined  in  a  very  compact  style,  all  in  one  building. 
The  building  is  28  x  28  ft.  inside. 

Plan  No.  12  represents  my  purifying  machine  with  exhausters  for  2,000,000  ft.  daily  capacity. 

The  valve  arrangement  is  a  new  construction  of  my  own.  It  will  be  seen  that  all  tho  valves  for  every 
two  apparatus  lay  together  in  one  bunch.  The  inlet  and  outlet  valves  are  regular  gate  valves,  while  the  by- 
passes are  disc  valves.  The  by-pass  boxes  are  used  at  the  same  time  as  collecting  vessels  for  tar,  respectively 
water  condensation.  The  inlet  chamber  or  upper  part  of  the  by-pass  box  is  connected  with  the  lower  part  by 
means  of  drain  pipes,  which  can  be  adjusted  to  any  desired  dip. 

As  soon  as  the  pressure  on  one  apparatus  becomes  to  heavy  by  some  reason  or  other,  the  gas  passes 
through  the  dip  pipes,  thereby  automatically  by-passing  the  apparatus.  The  bubbling  noise  will  draw  the 
engineer's  attention,  and  he  will  know  immediately  where  the  trouble  is  and  attend  to  it. 

The  pressure  gauges  delivered  with  these  apparatus  are  of  my  own  construction  and  provided  with 
stuming  boxes  throughout  so  that  broken  glasses  can  be  changed  instantly.  They  are  also  arranged  with 
three-way  cocks  so  that  the  pressure  given  by  any  one  apparatus  can  be  read  off  directly  without  subtracting  the 
different  pressures. 

PLAN  NO.  10. 


6o 


I'LAN  NO.  12. 
Condenser-  tfletsber  «^*3.  X 


neitt 


3. 


a  r  *  3  ¥  f 


If  Jo 


Vo  Iff  SV  /V 

i    i    i    i    i    i    i    i    t    i    i  / 


6i 


WATER  GAS  PLANTS 


.     .    .    AND     .    .    , 


COMPLETE  GAS  WORKS. 


62 

WATER   GAS. 

I  have  designed  a  water  gas  apparatus  using  retorts  for  fixing  purposes.  The  apparatus  consists  of  three 
cupolas,  of  which  the  center  one  is  a  decomposition  chamber  filled  with  a  material  consisting  to  a  large  extent 
of  iron,  and  yet  absolutely  refractory.  The  water  gas  made  by  this  process  is  nearly  absolute) 'y  free  of  CO®  and 
ivater  vapors.  This  gas  passes  through  a  scrubber  which  will  cool  the  gas  and  at  the  same  time  take  out  the 
last  traces  of  C02,  a  great  part  of  the  sulphur  and  all  of  the  ammonia  (if  there  should  be  any.)  From  there 
the  gas  goes  into  a  relief  holder ;  after  coming  out  of  the  relief  holder  the  gas  is  heated  by  hot  air  to  a  very 
high  temperature.  It  passes  then  through  a  separate  chamber,  where  it  takes  up  the  naptha,  and  from  there 
it  goes  through  fixing  retorts. 

In  case  crude  oil  shall  be  used  as  an  enricher  the  apparatus  becomes  a  little  more  complicated.  By  a 
special  arrangement  (which  is  an  invention  of  my  own),  the  crude  oil  is  first  divided  up  in  very  minute 
particles  (in  other  words,  it  is  mechanically  evaporated  without  the  use  of  heat) ;  then  it  meets  the  highly 
superheated  water  gas  and  becomes  itself  superheated  and  thoroughly  mixed  with  the  water  gas ;  it  then 
passes  immediately  into  the  retorts  and  is  there  rapidly  brought  up  to  the  necessary  temperature  for  decompo- 
sition. All  the  hydro-carbons  are  thereby  decomposed,  and  the  gas  is  of  a  better  ilhmiinatiiig  power  than  can  be 
obtained  from  the  same  amount  of  gallons  of  naptha. 

Deposition  of  pitch  and  lamp  black  is  prevented. 

The  manufactured  gas  then  passes  through  suitable  purifying  apparatus. 

Either  gas  coke,  furnace  coke  or  anthracite  coal,  and  if  necessary  steam  coal  can  be  used  for  making  the 
water  gas,  but  it  is  advisable  not  to  use  the  latter  on  account  of  impurities. 

FIXING  BENCHES  FOR  RETORT  WATER  GAS  PROCESS. 

I  have  erected  different  benches  for  these  processes,  among  others: 

Three  double  benches  of  6's  for  the  Milwaukee  Gas  Light  Co.,  of  a  capacity  of  2,500,000  ft.  per  24  hours. 
(Wilkinson  process.) 

Two  double  benches  of  6's  and  one  double  bench  of  4's  for  the  Newark  Gas  Light  Co.,  of  a  capacity  of 
2,250,000  ft.  (Wilkinson  process.) 

One  double  bench  of  6's  for  the  New  Orleans  Gas  Light  Co.,  of  a  capacity  of  from  600,000  to  750,000  ft. 
(Their  own  process.) 

The  by-following  is  a  copy  of  a  letter  received  from  Mr.  E.  G.  Cowdery,  Supt.  Milwaukee  Gas  Light  Co.: 

Mr.  Fred.  Bredel,  City.  MILWAUKEE,  August  29th,  1892. 

DEAR  SIR:     In   reply  to  your  question,  I  can  say  that  your  water  gas  bench  of  6's  with  retorts 
26"xl6"x20'  as  built  by  you  is  doing  the  following  work  each  and  every  day : 
When  using  58°  naptha — 

Make  per  bench  per  ®4.  hows,  commercial  gas,  750,000 

Gas  coke  used  for  firing,  per  1000  ft.  commercial  I/UK.    -  9f  Ibs, 

No.  gallons  naptha  fixed  by  bench  per  24  hours,  3,375 

No.  feet  oil  gas  per  bench  per  24  hours,  210,000 

No.  pounds  coke  to  fix  1000  ft.  oil  gas,  35 

When  using  68°  naptha — 

The  make  per  bench  per  24  hours,  commercial  gas.  S5ll,0(i(l 

Coke  a  little  less  than  the  above  per  1000  ft. 
Candle  power  cunniiarcial  gas  averages  30. 

Very  truly  yours,  (Signed)        E.G.   COWDKHY. 


COMPLETE   GAS    WORKS. 


To  parties  desiring  to  enlarge  their  <>1<1  works,  or  build  complete  new  works,  I  will  furnish  on  application 
plans  and  specifications  under  the  following  conditions: 

I  either  charge  a  lixed  sum  for  the  plans  or  I  will  undertake  to  build  their  entire  works  complete. 

I  have  constructed  and  erected  for  the  People's  Gas  Light  Co.  in  Cleveland,  the  benches,  etc.,  complete 
exhauster,  condensing  and  purifying  machinery  for  a  capacity  of  1,800,000  ft.  per  24  hours. 

With  my  system  I  will  guarantee  that  the  total  cost  of  a  coal  gas  works  will  not  be  more  than  any  other 
kind,  and  the  gas  can  be  made  cheaper  and  of  a  better  quality  than' with  any  other  known  system. 

For  complete  water  gas  works  by  using  my  retort  process  I  will  guarantee  to  make  a  cheaper  and  better 
gas  than  with  any  other  known  system  at  a  less  first  cost  than  any  other  retort  process. 

The  annexed  cuts  are  views  of  two  complete  gas  works  built  by  us- 


GAS  WORKS,  CADIX. 
CAPACITY  500,000  cu.  FT.  PER  24  HOURS.    CONSTRUCTED  AND  ERECTED  1886. 


GAS  WORKS,  KAISERLAUTERN. 
CAPACITY  600,000  cu.  FT.  PER  24  HOURS.    CONSTRUCTED  AND  ERECTED  1887. 


(  / 


/  / 


